STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari is on the list of Tehsil of centre Bandipora erstwhile region Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal is located 34013’ N and 74037’ E using a great typical altitude of 5178 feet (1578.25 meter) earlier mentioned signify seaside level. The District Bandipora is actually having a few Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez as well as Sumbal Sonawari with a whole population of 306511 folks comprising of 158754 gentlemen and also 147757 females. Out on the entire society connected with this area Bandipora the particular tehsil Sumbal Sonawari is usually possessing population of 149013 folks composed of 76411 gentlemen in addition to 72602 females. The center Bandipora consists of 53 Panchyat halqas with 200 towns away from which 12 Panchayat Halqas connected with 51 villages show up inside Block Sumbal of tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora section can be surrounded simply by Kupwara inside West, Baramulla from the South, Kargil, Srinagar in addition to Ganderbal inside the East along with LoC inside the North. The center possesses intense frosty local climate with wintertime and also a enjoyable weather conditions in summer. Each component to the district experiences snowfall for the duration of winter. Road to Gurez remains closed for the duration of winter because of snowfall. Average 12-monthly rainfall inside District Bandipora has become registered as 589 mm by using roughly 82 stormy days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari located in the particular South regarding Bandipora getting diverse topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, along with marshy lands, plus water bodies. This style of topography usually can make the neighborhood inclined to flood when effectively to drought conditions. The cultivable parts are usually fertile primarily rich in clay as well as silt. The river Jehlam and Sindh moving past through the area serves as major cause irrigation. At a lot of the destinations the water is actually heightened by way of this pumps as well as allocated by way of irrigation canals. The excessive clay-based subject material can make soils extremely loose when moist and pretty very difficult as soon as dry.
The town girls and farm youths have been largely found engaged inside production of handicrafts for instance flooring making, shawl making, embroidery etc. and pretty much each one family members was aquiring a carpet weaving unit.The people mostly owned by low income groupings and are cheaply backward. The problem gets to be more aggravated due to reduced productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, loss of communication along with fundamental features such as knowledge along with health. Majority with the people endure malnutrition in addition to under diet as well as the most severe make collection is infants plus women. The risk in order to well being risks will be apprehended due to be able to poor sanitary conditions, risky waters facilities etc.
To alleviate poverty inside the region Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and allied specialists are being employed hard to improve this generation plus productivity, make career in addition to improve the located problems by means of their progammes along with activities. It is within this connection, that particular such NGO specifically Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) acknowledged towards University by way of Directorate regarding Extension Education for developing SREP and also conducting connected with have centered trainings about agriculture and allied fields. The NGO has recently been busy within group regarding Self Help Groups (SHGs) one of the ladies persons belonging to the location for micro financing conveniences and in due course women of all ages empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a team associated with experts/ scientists with the Directorate to hold the actual plan systematically applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique through 19th June 2008 to 28th June 2008 in your witout a doubt identified towns with the IGSSS. The whole do the job was toted and conducted well inside a mission mode solution inside the scheduled occasion over the lively coordination and contribution from the professionals plus the particular NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In purchase to prepare Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for any area viz Sumbal Sonawari within the sought after moment program PRA technique was utilized to collect the particular responses from the villagers. This included applying regarding pre-tested interview schedules, conversation meetings, transect-walks, participatory statement methods, plantation and also home appointments and debate etc. in the well organized way from 19th June 2008 to 28th June 2008 inside the determined villages.
The workforce deputed to the purpose made associated with scientists/ authorities through Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant protection as well as Olericulture of the Directorate as well as SKUAST-K divisions. The crew appeared to be likewise made it simpler for through State Coordinator and Project Supervisors of IGSSS throughout health benefits of self help groups plus villagers at large as well as fine hospitality regarding the particular team. The PRA has been executed in a organized method through declaration of pursuing steps:
Preparation of interview plan as well as its use
After pre-testing along with additional accomplishment from the schedule, the particular PRA appeared to be with success conducted.Rapport building
In purchase to possess a brief idea in regards to the hamlet resources, ecology, wants regarding harvesting town and also opportunities etc. previous to create an agenda for PRA, the particular team visited the business of IGSSS at Inderkot hamlet of Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately after an relationships meeting with all the scientists, officials of IGSSS and farmers on the vicinity especially women of all ages self applied help organizations a few info seemed to be gathered about the above aspects.
This interaction achieving appeared to be as well valuable with view your plan of work in the discovered towns intended for PRA. In every village, farmers/ farm women plus youths gathered within the fundamental places in the villages and had been drawn in to self-belief through informal discussions.
The result with the first interaction getting together with seemed to be this sort of who's eased the partnership building inside diagnosed towns with the actively playing connected with folks songs, idioms, proverbs and desires etc. In the start quite a few concepts linked to their routine functions ended up floated and also exchanged by which his or her ultimate considerations diverted them into the harvesting as well as allied issues additional improvement.
Identification regarding Villages with regard to PRA
The communities determined with the IGSSS have been preferred as consultant parts to prepare SREP for that Sumbal tehsil as well as required PRA appeared to be practiced around them. In that way, the towns for PRA ended up Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim in addition to Tregam with Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since the actual tehsil comes in temperate agro climatic zoom along with all of the picked communities have almost uniform Agro Eco Situations (AES). The decided on villages just fluctuate to be able to your magnitude of different challenges and facilities.
Transect Walks
Each decided on commune has been visited much like timetable and first hand info on the actual topography, location, natural resources, demography, cropping patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied socio-economic activities were collected over the utilization of interview timetable and also village transect walks. These walks were good because of the villagers plus they favored to share their information and experiences considering the scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the end of each one transect go around plus connections achieving in the decided on villages, the particular farmers had been required in order to sketch the resource place health of their villages with drawing sheets. This work out appeared to be highly innovative in addition to enjoyable for the villagers and also for your alternative participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth score appeared to be executed by means of direct and indirect pondering on in the villagers/farmers for the schedule of gross income/month/household without suffering his or her sentiments. In just about every small town the actual farmers/villagers were being labeled since Low, Medium along with High revenue group farmers. The farmers/ villagers were lastly defined as useful resource and also resource rich. The quantity of learning resource weak villagers will be excess your reference containing more each village.
Existing Farming Systems
To recognise the particular harvesting models in just about every small town various enterprises viz. raising involving crops, fruits, vegetables, showing with cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture along with producing things to do as well as their contribution being used were examined along with identified . These systems a little bit be different based on mini grade agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This appeared to be executed start by making quotations among that recommended packages as well as existing routines implemented by farmers/villagers. The distinct advantages for this spaces had been inquired as well as the farmers encouraged for you to propose to your girlfriend study and extension approaches for filling like gaps. While preparing that SREP exclusive attention can be taken care of town childhood and women to build work and also cash flow by way of imparting connected with trainings in a variety of agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot small town of Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is definitely multiply about a place of with regards to 150 hectares of land. More when compared with hundred hectares usually are irrigated and left over since un-irrigated along with rainfed. Water will be heightened from your Jehlum by means of irrigation canals simply by send sets. Paddy is harvested underneath normal water logged illnesses in addition to mainly solo showing habit is followed. Nearly 10 hectares with land was claimed under orchards.
Inderkot consists connected with eight patis (hamlets), namely Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar and Murtazabad. The village is owning 900 families which has a society with 5500 persons, out of which usually 3000 usually are males and also 2500 females. Besides farming, new carpet making is another cause of income. Almost every household is actually acquiring a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat and 5-6 area chicken birds.
The village is definitely obtaining just one midsection school, 1 main school, 2 EGS, 3 SSA along with 3 Anganwari centers. In addition, two personal assistance communities (2 SHGs), particularly Karwane - Zainab and also Himayat tend to be dynamic underneath IGSS using their concentrate on carpet weaving, needle work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat rearing and vegetable growing.
The even more evaluation on the records uncovered that following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income throughout Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No of Households
Percentage of Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. involving households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution regarding Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The whole village can be possessing one place associated with with regards to 160 ha with terrain beyond that 120 ha are generally irrigated and leftover when unirrigated as well as rainded. Paddy along with maize are generally grown in Kharif along with Sarson in Rabi in most lands. More than 12-15 ha with land is used for orchard and also vegetable cultivation. The town is getting related to 275 homes with a total society regarding concerning 2500 men and women comprising regarding 1500 males in addition to thousands of females. The primary options of irrigation are usually lift irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and are also also known as as Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income in Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No connected with Households
Percentage connected with Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No connected with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. regarding households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name regarding Enterprises
No associated with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan village with Sumbal Tehsil is usually composed of 5 various Paties (hamlets) namely – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora and also Rukh mohalla. It can be obtaining concerning 420 households by using a new entire populace associated with 3200 persons, away from that 1920 usually are gentlemen and 1280 females. The village is definitely prolonged to a strong area of 400 hectares, out of which three hectares will be irrigated as well as 100 hectares as unirrigated as well as rainfed. About a hundred hectares involving terrain is definitely put below orchard along with vegetables. Paddy as well as maize tend to be grown inside Kharief and also wheat, oat in addition to Sarson developed around Rabi.
The village is given just one every high school, Angan Wari Center, place office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary and also sheep center. The numerous activities commonly toted inside whole village includes rising of crops, livestock rearing, sheep and goat rearing and also carpet creating etc. two personal support organizations specifically Usman and also Ummar Groups under IGSSS tend to be at the moment serving throughout Sozni work along with desired for you to move to get agricultural along with other valuation add-on activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income within Rupees/Month
Level associated with Income Group
No involving Households
Percentage with Households
1
Up to be able to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No regarding Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. regarding households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. connected with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution connected with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name regarding Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam small town involving Tehsil Sonawari is made of Paties (helmets) for instance Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora plus Parraypora spread more than an region involving related to 15 ha regarding land, outside of which usually 10 ha is usually irrigated along with rest is unirrigated and also rainfed. The town is obtaining nearly three hundred and fifty homeowners which includes a total populace with 3261 persons. The male along with female populace noted is definitely 1655 along with 1605 respectively. The village is provided with three schools, one SSA as well as a veterinary center. The waters is actually heightened because of the pump pieces from Kawasoo measure in addition to Badi Numble.
The cultivable location is actually decide to put less than paddy, maize, rajmash plus veggies in kharief and also peas and oats inside rabi. Only five ha with area can be under orchards. Livestock population consists involving 250 cattle, as well as about 200 sheep/goat. Almost each loved ones is actually possessing 5-7 local poultry birds. The village is also having one poultry farm.
Two do it yourself assist groupings specifically Kirmani along with Gulshan within IGSSS are generally dynamic with regard to various income generating actions such as filling device work, carpet weaving and goat/ sheep showing etc. These groupings are usually effectively joined along with various growth companies in the area. The more investigation shows as under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income within Rupees/Month
Level involving Income Group
No involving Households
Percentage with Households
1
Up that will 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. connected with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution connected with Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected communities regarding Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil for a Glance (Facts in addition to figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto four people (small)
5-8 users (medium0
9 & on top of (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More as compared with one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) throughout Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source connected with Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency associated with Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption of Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More in comparison with 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use involving Weedicides
Use involving Fungicide/Insecticide
Use connected with a lot more than one
None of Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More when compared with 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types connected with Problems
None involving the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More as compared to 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying every Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More than 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None regarding Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More as compared with one
None of Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More when compared with one Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More as compared with 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto some (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More as compared with 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More as compared with 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis and Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan to the Representative Villages with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise reputation from the problem / problem
Recommended programme/ actions program to get Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy generally within waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction connected with Technology pertaining to paddy cultivation around waterlogged place through study along with demonstration.
More utilize regarding area along with older cultivars regarding paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More in comparison with one third connected with community under area in addition to regular varieties
Half from the area under area and traditional varieties
One third with location less than community along with traditional varieties
Three fourth region under regional and traditional varieties
Replacement associated with paddy types simply by enhanced in addition to fresh varieties like China 1039, K39, Jehlum plus Shalimar rice 1, by way of FLD programme plus seed starting whole village development concept
Paddy location effortlessly at risk from mineral water logging strain conditions
Due to faulty and irregular water distribution system
Due in order to faulty as well as irregular mineral water syndication system
Due to defective and abnormal waters submitting system
Due for you to defective and irregular water submission system
Fair as well as only drinking water submitter needs the development of mineral water cropping technology and many more water lifting channels as well as canals
Using higher seed fees (more compared to 60-80 kg /ha)
Two next from the farmers utilizing better seed starting charge as compared to recommended
More than two 3 rd farmers utilizing higher seed charge when compared with recommended
Nearly two 3 rd character using better seed price in comparison with recommended
Half of that farmers using bigger seed charge as compared to recommended
Awareness instruction courses can be helpful to relieve that seedling charges through far better setting management
Transplanting technique implementing a lot more seedling every mound (Above 8-10 seedling per hill)
More as compared with 30 % farmers using above eight seedlings every hill
Less as compared to 1 / 3 using above eight seedlings for every hill
One third using over 8 plant for every hill
Two third farmers using preceding 8 plant each hill
Mortality associated with seedlings really should be decreased utilizing improved seed, suitable seed cure and also approach to taking plants having your dirt ball.
Fertilizer program (Use connected with NPK fertilizers)
Nearly half of that farmers using the many several fertilizers relax are utilizing also NP of N only
More than a few final implementing partial job application i.e. NP and also N only
Nearly not one but two third farmers utilizing Partial job application i.e. NP or N only
Half with the farmers using Partial software i.e NP as well as N only
Awareness cum demonstration on utilization of much better seed as well as sensible fertilizers by means of FLD plus OFT programmes
Plant safety measures
More compared to half involving the actual farmer making use of weedicide and also only all 5 per cent making use of insecticide/ fungicides
More when compared with 15 per cent farmers using weedicide only
One fourth on the farmers making use of weedicide and much more in comparison with 8% are utilising fungicide
None of the farmers employing any kind of grow crops protection measure
Conducting connected with coaching courses related to weed control, fun time administration along with paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly fifty percent on the farmers harvesting 2.1 to be able to 3.5 q /kanal
Less compared to half from the farmers harvesting 2.1 to 3.5 q/kanal
Two 3 rd farmers harvesting 2.1 that will 3.5 q/kanal
Only just one fourth on the farmers growing 2.1 to be able to 3.5 q/ kanal
The promise per kanal can be increased from the demo involving methodical cultivation with paddy within normal water logged conditions in each village.
2
Maize
Grown neighborhood varieties under rainfed conditions when cows fodder or maybe merged by using Rajmash
One last of the farmers raising maize under rainfed conditions
Two next with the farmers developing maize underneath rainfed conditions
Less compared to one final from the farmers growing maize below rainfed conditions
One fourth on the farmers increasing maize below rainfed conditions
High yielding (for grain and also fodder) plus low water qualification varieties should be popularized as a result of demonstrations along with teaching programmes
Methods associated with sowing and seed rate
One fourth with the farmers developing maize under rainfed problems as well as employing seed starting charge 1.6 that will several kg/kanal
Two 3 rd with that farmers growing maize beneath rainfed conditions in addition to utilizing seedling charge 1.6 for you to three kg/kanal
Less as compared to just one last belonging to the farmers expanding maize less than rainfed illnesses and applying seed starting rate 1.6 that will 3 or more kg/kanal
One final in the farmers increasing maize under rainfed problems in addition to applying seedling charge 1.6 to a few kg/kanal
FLD process on maize cultivation can be practiced in each and every village. Emphasis be provided on proposed seedling rate
Fertilizer program (Use of NPK fertilizers)
None from the farmer implementing virtually any fertilizer
None on the farmer making use of any fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) making use of fertilizers
None on the farmer implementing just about any fertilizer
Awareness should be created to use advised measure of fertilizers through FLDs
Plant security measures
Although problem involving originate borer and also leaf sheath blight described nevertheless none of your place safeguards options taken
Although challenge involving originate borer and leaf sheath blight claimed but not one with the plant protection procedures taken
Although issue regarding stem borer plus leaf sheath blight described but none of them with the grow plants safeguard methods taken
Although problem associated with leaves borer along with leaf sheath blight described but not one of the plant safety measures taken
Integrated Pest Management about Maize can be introduced.
Yield
Maize can be usually developed as fodder nevertheless feed provide from 50 kg for you to 2 queen /kanal is actually reported
Maize is usually grown seeing that fodder then again materials generate from 50 kg that will 2 q /kanal is reported
Maize is generally grown when fodder however grain deliver out of 50 kg for you to only two queen /kanal is actually reported
Maize is generally grown seeing that fodder however grain yield from 50 kg to help only two q /kanal is reported
Technology regarding farmers confidence in having dual profit could be confirmed within every single village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats and Wheat
Two third with the farmers not acquiring every rabi crop, nonetheless remaining 1 / 3 acquiring oats as well as wheat to get fodder purposes.
Half in the farmers not using every rabi crop, even so leftover one third taking mustard (Oilseed) as well as wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
More than fifty percent associated with the actual farmers definitely not consuming just about any rabi crop, however staying 30 % taking oats plus whole wheat to get fodder purposes.
Two third with the farmers definitely not consuming every rabi crop, nonetheless other 1 / 3rd getting wheat intended for fodder purposes.
Technology to have dual cropping could be demonstrated along with improved/ innovative fodder crop/ seed must be furnished to get farming purposes
4
General cropping pattern
Single cropping program (Monoculture) mostly followed
In kharief generally paddy can be grown up during rabi the derricks usually are drinking water logged and remains fellow
In kharief mostly paddy is definitely developed while in rabi this areas are usually waters logged as well as remains fellow
In kharief mostly paddy is usually grown during rabi the actual areas are drinking water logged and is always fellow
In kharief typically paddy is harvested when it's in rabi that fields will be water logged and remains fellow
Technology for taking double cropping could be demonstrated along with improved/ different fodder crop/ seed really should be provided regarding farming purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing most varieties of produce regarding house ingestion simply (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits and other vegetables).
Two third growing vegetables with regard to every day purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost many growing produce with regard to every day function (Kitchen gardening)
Almost most expanding produce pertaining to home-based purpose (Kitchen gardening)
More than Two third raising produce to get domestic purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost each of the farmers have their unique cooking area gardens. So imparting education on house garden with regard to fresh, healthy and also standard availabilit of vegetables with regard to home consumption should be associated with vital importance mainly for any outlying women
Input accessibility (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs within the towns usually takes this challenge involving feedback availableness and also facilitate the particular community
Insect, pest and ailment complications (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt as well as blight etc.)
Nearly 50 % associated with this farmers/ farmers confronting insect, pest in addition to disease problem
Half of the farmers /growers dealing with insect, pest plus ailment problem
More compared to three last with the farmers /growers facing insect, pest as well as disorder problem
Nearly all of the farmers /growers facing insect, pest along with illness problem
Vegetable, pests and conditions (like cut worms, borers as well as wilt plus blight within chillies, capsicum, tomato and also brinjal) are generally posing a significant pressure and envisages conduction regarding IPM teaching workshops / study course for farm adult females as well as youth. Seed and plant medication could be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seed production, away from season, post-harvest plant creation technological know-how intended for private purposes.
Unknown on the farmers although mainly serious about training
Unknown on the farmers however largely fascinated throughout training
Unknown towards the farmers however typically enthusiastic about training
Unknown for the farmers but mostly keen on training
Training system based on fruit occur cucurbits by means of pollination options for ladies along with farm youth. Training linked to commercialization along with plant seed output for plantation junior along with women. Training with submit crop administration involving neighborhood women along with youth by means of SHGs would lead to ladies empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, actual vegetables, peas etc. on minimal range due to drainage system
More as compared to 50 percent of the farmers increasing rabi greens of their kitchen's gardens
Nearly not one but two third from the farmers growing rabi greens for their house gardens
All that farmers growing rabi vegetables into their home gardens
More when compared with two next on the farmers raising rabi produce in their kitchen gardens
Awareness cum training courses on logical farming regarding rabi greens in the spot to get ladies individuals specifically is definitely involving fantastic importance
Inputs and also latest techie know-how
More as compared with 1 / 3rd involving the farmers skin trouble of inputs and specialised know-how
Less as compared to one fourth belonging to the farmers face problem of inputs and technical know-how
One last belonging to the farmers experience challenge of inputs plus specialised know-how
More compared to 1 / 2 of that farmers confront dilemma with inputs in addition to practical know-how
Vegetables by using higher waters need (water loving vegetables) always be popularized. Training programmes with regard to seed manufacturing plus post-harvest know-how ought to be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit increasing is definitely confined to be able to increased elevations, karewa lands and also just lately earth packed lands. Mostly orchards are generally inadequately handled in addition to going through issues connected with insect pest disorders (Root rot, training collar rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fruit set, crops drop, phony pruning etc. In apple company company in addition to pear orchards. Insect, pest along with condition issue inside walnut (walnut weevil, leaves borer etc.
More as compared with 30 % growing apple only
One 3 rd growing apple company company and walnut equally
One last developing the majority of varieties of temperate fruits
More when compared with 1 / 3 rising differing types with fruits
Since crops expanding is just not common, nonetheless apple mackintosh pear and walnut timber in certain belonging to the orchard were improperly mastered with deficiency of proper technical know-how. To improve the horticulture inside the area, intensive education should be used throughout orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning along with training, seed dissemination techniques etc. with regard to this town young ones to develop technique around fruit flesh customs and also make employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow and draught animals)
Lack associated with know-how along with veterinary services along with regards to help canine advancement and dairy yield
Three fourth on the farmers parenting cattle yielding mainly four liters with milk everyday every head. Nearly 50 % cows population cross bred
Three final with the farmers parenting livestock yielding mostly 4 liters of milk for each day for every head. One fourth cows human population combination bred
More when compared with Three fourth connected with your farmers rearing livestock yielding largely five liters associated with milk every day for every head. Half cows society combination bred
More when compared with one third from the farmers parenting cattle yielding mostly some to 8 liters of take advantage of daily per head. One fourth livestock population cross bred
Cattle rearing from the area is definitely notable as well as almost a few last loved ones keeping a couple cattle yielding milk even up that will fifteen liters in some cases per day. Training plan on investment development (Breed Improvement) through synchronization as well as AI programmes.
Dosing and vaccination, cattle conditions just like FMD, Mastitis, ecto and endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More as compared to fifty percent farmers documented livestock ailments as most important problem
Less compared to a single fourth farmers noted cattle ailments because principal problem
Nearly 30 % farmers claimed cattle conditions when main problem
Negligible number with farmers noted cattle ailments seeing that main problem
Training program upon medication / vaccination plus dosing against conditions just like FMD, Mastitis and endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks as well as mites) etc.
Feeding associated with cattle
One next of farmers noted fodder/ supply shortages regarding cattle
None of farmers documented fodder/ nourish shortages with regard to cattle
Nearly a couple third of farmers reported fodder/ feed shortages pertaining to cattle
None of farmers noted fodder/ nourish shortages with regard to cattle
Training procedure on preparation as well as by using well balanced cattle rations. Introduction along with increasing connected with new fodders inside area
Willing associated with development a dairy industrial unit
None of the farmer be aware of that business unit
None with the farmer know about your commercial unit
None from the farmer know about the professional unit
None on the player be familiar with your financial unit
After crop production, cattle parenting are an essential pastime belonging to the place along with has to be organized through development regarding dairy products models and cooperatives regarding variety as well as distribution of milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good quantity of community goats in addition to combination particular breed of dog sheep wants canine improvement
One fifth farmers parenting goat / sheep around 6 Nos or higher per head
Half in the farmers showing goat / sheep as long as 6 Nos or extra per head
Less than a single sixth farmers rearing goat / sheep as long as 6 Nos or over per head
Less than a single half farmers rearing goat / sheep in place to a few Nos or maybe more per head
Nearly one fourth of the farmers rearing goat/ lambs inside the place around 6 months time Nos. or maybe additional per household. Thus promoting your lambs / goat rearing exercise like a sensible unit pertaining to unemployed / plantation junior may be popularized.
Dosing and also vaccination
The ailments like FMD, Mangitits, foot or so rot, endo plus ecto parasites reported.
The illnesses like FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo as well as ecto parasites reported.
The disorders like FMD, Mangitits, 12 inches rot, endo along with ecto parasites reported.
The diseases just like FMD, Mangitits, foot or so rot, endo along with ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat care gadgets from the towns often be established. Training programme with treatment/ vaccination and dosing against the health conditions commonplace in the area
Development of lambs along with goat unit
None belonging to the farmer be aware of that private unit
None belonging to the farmer be familiar with the particular private unit
None in the player understand around the industrial unit
None on the player know about the particular industrial unit
Promoting the sheep and also goat rearing hobby with Establishment involving sheep / goat device intended for employment plus income new release to get rural youth and women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping associated with only number of regional birds per household regarding home-based purposes
Three final with the farmers retaining three or more to help 6 regional fowls per household
Less compared to a few fourth with the farmers always keeping 3 or more to help 6 nearby fowls for each household
More than about three fourth of the farmers keeping a few for you to 6 neighborhood chickens each household
More than a few last of the farmers always keeping 3 to help 6 nearby parrots every household
Introduction involving backyard chicken together with improved upon / fresh reproduce (Vonraja) for commercial uses by means of girls SHGs of the area may be encouraged.
More chicken fatality rate on account of poultry diseases (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One 50 % farmers going through ailment trouble within poultry keeping
One 1 / 2 farmers going through disease problem within chicken keeping
One fifty percent farmers facing disorder dilemma in poultry keeping
All that farmers struggling with disease trouble in chicken keeping
Organization regarding education programmes with logical poultry maintaining in addition to control involving conditions like Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent inside handicraft pursuits
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